"How to maintain and extend the lifespan of lithium batteries in a solar system"—is this something you've always been concerned about? Lithium battery maintenance requires consideration of many factors, such as charge/discharge management, environmental control, system compatibility, and daily monitoring. Below is a system maintenance guide:   1. Core Principles: Avoid "Three Highs and Two Lows" Three Highs: High-rate charge/discharge, high/low temperature environments, and long-term storage at high capacity (100% SOC).   Two Lows: Over-discharge (low SOC), and low-temperature charging (below 0°C).   2.Charge and Discharge Management (The Most Critical Aspect) (1) Avoid Over-Discharge Set a reasonable discharge cutoff voltage (e.g., the voltage of a single lithium iron phosphate cell should not be lower than 2.5V). The system needs to be equipped with a BMS for protection. It is recommended to maintain the battery level between 20% and 90% during daily use to avoid prolonged periods of low charge.   (2) Optimize Charging Strategy Use multi-stage charging (constant current-constant voltage-float charging) to avoid prolonged high-voltage float charging. Control the charging current between 0.2C and 0.5C (e.g., charge a 100Ah battery with 20A~50A) to reduce high-current surges. Avoid low-temperature charging: Charging below 0°C can easily lead to lithium deposition, requiring regulation through a BMS or heating system.   (3) Shallow Charge and Discharge Controlling the battery's depth of cycle (DOD) to below 70%~80% can significantly extend cycle life (e.g., using only 50% of the battery level per day may more than double the lifespan compared to using it at 100%).    3.Environment and Installation & Maintenance (1) Temperature Control Ideal Temperature: 15°C~25°C (Optimal charging/discharging range).   (2) High Temperature Protection: Avoid direct sunlight; ensure proper ventilation in the battery compartment. When the ambient temperature is >35°C, consider active cooling (fan/air conditioning). (3) Low Temperature Protection: Stop charging below 0°C; if necessary, install insulation or a self-heating BMS. In extremely cold regions, consider underground insulated boxes or indoor installation.   (4) Installation and Connection Keep the battery pack dry and clean, avoiding dust or corrosive gases. Regularly check the tightness of cable connections to prevent poor contact leading to localized overheating. When using batteries in parallel, select batteries of the same model and batch to ensure consistent internal resistance.   4.System Co-optimization (1) The Importance of BMS (Battery Management System) Individual cell voltage/temperature monitoring Overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection Temperature balancing function (active balancing is preferred) Regularly check cell consistency via the BMS; if the voltage difference is >50mV, investigate the cause.   (2) Load Management Avoid sudden high-power loads (such as motor starting); a soft starter can be installed. Power design should include a margin to prevent prolonged high-rate discharge.   5.Daily Monitoring and Maintenance (1) Regular Inspections Monthly inspections of battery appearance (bulging, leakage), temperature, and connection terminals. Quarterly capacity degradation analysis using BMS data (capacity tester available). Annual professional testing: internal resistance test, equalization maintenance.   (2) Long-Term Storage Recommendations If the system is not used for an extended period, maintain the battery charge at 40%~60% (half-charge state). Disconnect the battery from the system and perform a top-up charge maintenance every 3 months.   Through the above measures, the key to maintaining and extending the lifespan of lithium batteries in solar energy systems lies in prevention rather than remediation. Keeping the batteries operating in their "comfort zone" is the most cost-effective maintenance method.

The full name of the energy storage battery BMS management system is Battery Management System. The energy storage battery BMS management system is one of the core subsystems of the battery energy storage system, responsible for monitoring the operating status of each battery in the battery energy storage unit to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the energy storage unit. The BMS battery management system unit includes a BMS battery management system, a control module, a display module, a wireless communication module, electrical equipment, a battery pack for powering electrical equipment, and a collection module for collecting battery information of the battery pack. Generally, BMS is presented as a circuit board, that is, a BMS protection board, or a hardware box. The basic framework of the battery management system (BMS) includes a power battery pack housing and a sealed hardware module, a high-voltage analysis box (BDU) and a BMS controller. 1. BMU master controller Battery Management Unit (BMU for short) refers to a system for monitoring and managing battery packs. That is, the BMS motherboard that is often said, its function is to collect the adoption information from each slave board. BMU management units are usually used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems and other applications that require battery packs. BMU monitors the status of the battery pack by collecting data on the battery's voltage, current, temperature and other related parameters. BMU can monitor the battery's charging and discharging process, as well as control the rate and method of charging and discharging to ensure the safe operation of the battery pack. BMU can also diagnose and troubleshoot faults in the battery pack and provide various protection functions, such as overcharge protection, over-discharge protection and short-circuit protection. 2. CSC slave controller The CSC slave controller is used to monitor the module's single cell voltage and single cell temperature problems, transmit information to the main board, and has a battery balancing function. It includes voltage detection, temperature detection, balancing management and corresponding diagnosis. Each CSC module contains an analog front-end chip (Analog Front End, AFE) chip. 3. BDU battery energy distribution unit The battery energy distribution unit (BDU for short), also called the battery junction box, is connected to the vehicle's high-voltage load and fast-charging harness through a high-voltage electrical interface. It includes a pre-charging circuit, a total positive relay, a total negative relay, and a fast-charging relay, and is controlled by the main board. 4. High-voltage controller The high-voltage controller can be integrated into the mainboard or can be independent, real-time monitoring of batteries, current, voltage, and also includes pre-charge detection. The BMS management system can monitor and collect the state parameters of the energy storage battery in real time (including but not limited to single cell voltage, battery pole temperature, battery loop current, battery pack terminal voltage, battery system insulation resistance, etc.), and perform necessary analysis and calculation on the relevant state parameters to obtain more system state evaluation parameters, and realize effective control of the energy storage battery body according to specific protection and control strategies to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the entire battery energy storage unit. At the same time, BMS can exchange information with other external devices (PCS, EMS, fire protection system, etc.) through its own communication interface and analog/digital input and input interface to form linkage control of each subsystem in the entire energy storage power station, ensuring the safe, reliable and efficient grid-connected operation of the power station.